The search for a new citizenship can be a journey full of questions and procedures. In Spain, the process of acquiring citizenship is clearly defined and open to those who meet certain criteria. Spanish immigration and citizenship services are designed to help with this important transition.

Whether through residence, option or marriage, each route to Spanish citizenship requires a clear understanding of the steps involved. In this article, we’ll break down the key points you need to know.

What is Spanish citizenship?

Spanish citizenship is the legal bond between a person and the Kingdom of Spain, granting them rights and obligations. It may be acquired automatically at birth—as citizenship by origin—or later through various procedures.

This bond goes beyond simply living in Spain. It involves full integration into society, with access to a range of civil and political freedoms, as well as the obligation to comply with the country’s laws and tax obligations.

Acquiring Spanish citizenship by residence is one of the most common ways to obtain citizenship for those who did not acquire it automatically at birth.

How can you apply for Spanish citizenship by residence?

To apply for Spanish citizenship by residence, applicants must have lived in Spain continuously for a period immediately before applying. The required period varies depending on each person’s circumstances, although ten years of legal and continuous residence is generally required.

It is essential to demonstrate integration into Spanish society, including knowledge of the Spanish language and culture, which is assessed through tests administered by the Instituto Cervantes.

Applying for Spanish citizenship through the government online portal makes the process more accessible and allows applicants to track their application status online.

What are the requirements for applying for Spanish citizenship by residence?

• Legal, continuous residence in Spain for the period specified by law, immediately before applying.
• A declaration of intent to acquire Spanish citizenship.
• Sufficient knowledge of the Spanish language and culture, demonstrated by passing official exams.
• No criminal record in Spain or in countries where the applicant has previously lived during the last five years.
• Sufficient financial means to live without needing social assistance.
• Taking the oath or making a pledge of allegiance to the King and obedience to the Constitution and the laws.

Advice on Spanish citizenship and immigration procedures can be a great help in meeting these requirements and streamlining the application process.

What is Spanish citizenship by option?

Spanish citizenship by option is a benefit available under the law to certain foreign nationals who have a special connection with Spain because of their status or circumstances. This right is reserved for certain groups, such as minors or people who have been under the guardianship of a Spanish citizen or institution.

The process of applying for Spanish citizenship by option requires submitting documents that prove the applicant meets the conditions for this route to citizenship.

This is a privileged route, as it does not require a prior period of residence and, given the variety of circumstances it covers, often requires specialist legal advice.

How can you apply for Spanish citizenship through marriage?

Contrary to popular belief, marrying a Spanish citizen does not automatically grant you Spanish citizenship. However, it reduces the required residence period for applying, which is generally one year. The marriage must also be recognised and registered in Spain.

Consular procedures provide assistance with the process for people who are outside Spain, and guidance from experts in immigration and citizenship is recommended.

What are the requirements for Spanish citizenship by carta de naturaleza?

Spanish citizenship by carta de naturaleza is granted at the Government’s discretion to people who merit this benefit due to exceptional circumstances. There are no fixed criteria, and each case is assessed individually.

Circumstances that may lead to this grant include having provided civil or military service to Spain, or reasons of public interest.

Understanding each of these processes is essential for people seeking to become Spanish citizens. Immigration and Spanish citizenship services are essential to ensure that all legal requirements are met and to facilitate the path to citizenship.

Related questions about acquiring Spanish citizenship

How much does Spanish citizenship cost in 2024?

The costs associated with obtaining Spanish citizenship may vary depending on the administrative procedures and legal fees if you choose to hire a lawyer. You should also consider the cost of the language and culture exams required by Instituto Cervantes.

It is important to budget appropriately and consult official sources or immigration professionals for a more precise and up-to-date figure.

How long does it take to obtain Spanish citizenship in 2024?

The time it takes to obtain Spanish citizenship depends on several factors, including the workload of the public authorities and the complexity of the case. As a general rule, it can take anywhere from a few months to several years.

Having all your documents in order and closely following the process can help reduce waiting times.

How much does a lawyer charge to handle a Spanish citizenship application?

Fees charged by a lawyer specialising in Spanish citizenship procedures vary depending on the professional and the complexity of the case. It is advisable to request quotes from different law firms and consider their experience and the advice they offer.

How long does it take for Spanish citizenship to be granted?

The waiting time for Spanish citizenship to be granted can vary significantly. It depends on the route to citizenship, how accurately the requirements are met and the efficiency of the administration involved.

Keeping informed about your application status and any updates to the process is a proactive way to manage waiting times effectively.

To complement this information, it may be helpful to consult audiovisual material that explores the topic in greater depth: